An agent that reduces/removes sensation from a defined area/region
Two types:
- Amide ( has a tertiary amine base delivered as a water-soluble hydrochloride) – bupivacaine, lignocaine(lidocaine), prilocaine, mepivacaine
- Ester (short half life usually minutes) – procaine, benzocaine, amethocaine, cocaine
Lidocaine, Lignocaine
Amide, Intermediate duration, discovered 1946
Lignospan Special, Xylocaine, Utilycaine (UK Trade Names): Lidocaine + adrenaline
Prilocaine
Amide, Intermediate duration
Citanest (UK Trade Name): Prilocaine + Felypressin
Mildly cytotoxic – avoid in pregnancy
Mepivacaine
Amide, Intermediate duration, synthesised 1956
Scandonest (UK Trade Name)
Bupivacaine
Amide, Long acting, discovered 1957
Marcain (UK Trade Name)
Etidocaine
Amide, Long acting
Articaine
Amide with ester side chain, intermediate duration
Bartinest, Septanest (UK Trade Names): Articaine + adrenaline
Procaine
Amino Ester, short acting, Sodium channel blocker
Novocaine
dentalsmackers 