Oral Cancer

Oral Cancer TypeIncidence (%)TreatmentPrognosisAppearance
Squamous cell carcinoma90%Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentWhite or red patches, ulcers, or lumps
Verrucous carcinoma<1%SurgeryGenerally good prognosis if treatedSlow-growing, wart-like growth in the mouth
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma3-10%Surgery, radiation therapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentPainless mass, ulceration, or white or red patches
Adenoid cystic carcinoma1-2%Surgery, radiation therapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentPainless mass with indistinct borders
Adenocarcinoma1-3%Surgery, radiation therapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentMass, ulceration, or white or red patches
Basal cell carcinoma<1%SurgeryGenerally excellent prognosisUlcer or raised lesion with a rolled border
Salivary gland tumorsVariableSurgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis varies based on subtype and treatmentAppearance varies depending on the specific type of tumor, including painless mass, ulceration, or patches
Oral melanoma<1%Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis is generally poor due to aggressivenessDark brown or black pigmented lesion, irregular borders
Lymphoma<1%Chemotherapy, radiation therapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentEnlarged lymph nodes, oral masses, ulcerations
Osteosarcoma<1%Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis is generally poor due to aggressivenessBony masses or swelling, ulceration
Ameloblastoma<1%SurgeryGenerally good prognosisUnilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesion, may cause facial asymmetry
Odontogenic carcinoma<1%Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentUlceration, mass, or white or red patches
Fibrosarcoma<1%Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentPainless mass or swelling, may cause facial deformity
Ewing sarcoma<1%Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentPainful mass or swelling, may cause facial deformity
Liposarcoma<1%Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentPainless mass or swelling
Rhabdomyosarcoma<1%Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentPainless mass or swelling, may cause facial deformity
Angiosarcoma<1%Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentRed or purple patches, ulcers, or masses
Neuroendocrine carcinoma<1%Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentUlceration, mass, or white or red patches
Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma<1%SurgeryGenerally good prognosisPainless mass or swelling
Metastatic tumors to the oral cavityVariableTreatment based on primary tumorPrognosis varies based on primary tumorAppearance depends on the primary tumor, can manifest as masses, ulcers, or other abnormalities
Acinic cell carcinomaRareSurgery, radiation therapyGenerally good prognosisPainless mass or swelling
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenomaRareSurgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentMass, ulceration, or white or red patches
Langerhans cell histiocytosisRareSurgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentUlceration, mass, or white or red patches
Malignant salivary gland tumorsVariableSurgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis varies based on subtype and treatmentAppearance varies depending on the specific type of tumor, including painless mass, ulceration, or patches
Spindle cell carcinomaRareSurgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentUlceration, mass, or white or red patches
Papillary adenocarcinomaRareSurgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapyPrognosis varies based on stage and treatmentMass, ulceration, or white or red patches